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Ubuntu使用清华镜像源

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各种Ubuntu版本使用清华镜像，加速Ubuntu软件下载速度

目的：WSL更换清华镜像源

使用WSL跑深度学习挺不错的，但是用wsl安装linux软件可能会存在部分问题，由于WSL里面的Ubuntu软件仓库是默认的源，有时候可能会造成网络连接问题，或者下载速度很慢，更换为清华镜像或者阿里云镜像会带来Ubuntu软件的快速下载，优化软件使用体验。

清华大学开源软件镜像站：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/

清华大学Ubuntu软件仓库：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

阿里云Ubuntu软件仓库：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu

该镜像仅包含32/64位x86架构处理器的软件包，在在 ARM(arm64, armhf)、PowerPC(ppc64el)、RISC-V(riscv64) 和 S390x 等架构的设备上（对应官方源为 ports.ubuntu.com）请使用 ubuntu-ports 镜像。

现在的win都是64位的，对应的WSL几乎都是64位的，因此对大多人都是适应的。

1. 备份源软件配置文件

Ubuntu的系统自带的配置文件在/etc/apt/source.list中，因此我们需要首先备份该配置文件，否则删了的话，如果镜像镜像也不可用，就很难受了。

首先进入配置文件目录，如下命令：

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cd /etc/apt

image-20240112102759720

备份的命令如下，sudo表示启用管理员权限，cp表示复制，就是把后面的sources.list文件复制一份，复制的文件以source.list.bak命名。

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sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak

image-20240112103132832

2. 复制镜像源

因为不同的Ubuntu版本对应的镜像是不同的，所以需要复制的命令也不一致，大家可以根据自己的Ubuntu版本来复制命令。他们的命令是很相似的，区别就是括号里面不一样。点击下面挑战链接，复制对应的镜像源配置。镜像速度的话，这个看地区差异，不太好说。

Ubuntu22.04 清华镜像源链接

Ubuntu23.04 清华镜像源链接

Ubuntu22.10 清华镜像源链接

Ubuntu20.04 清华镜像源链接

Ubuntu18.04 清华镜像源链接

Ubuntu16.04 清华镜像源链接

Ubuntu22.04 阿里云镜像

Ubuntu20.04 阿里云镜像

Ubuntu软件仓库：

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (jammy)镜像源：

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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 23.04 (lunar) 镜像源：

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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 22.10 （kinetic）：

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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ kinetic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ kinetic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ kinetic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ kinetic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ kinetic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ kinetic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ kinetic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ kinetic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ kinetic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ kinetic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 20.04 (focal)：

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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic)：

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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial) ：

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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云Ubuntu 22.04 软件仓库：

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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云Ubuntu 20.04 软件仓库：

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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3. 修改软件源配置文件

使用如下命令打开配置文件：

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sudo vim source.list

打开该文件之后，使用命令ggdG将该文件内容删除，然后按a键编辑，把复制过来的清华镜像直接右键就可粘贴。

如下所示。

保存的话，需要切换到英文输入，先Esc，然后冒号:，再按wq保存退出即可。

image-20240112115422342

4. 更新软件包列表，升级软件包等内容

更新软件包列表代码如下，可以看到Get的地址是阿里云的镜像。

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sudo apt-get update

image-20240112120217116

升级软件包如下命令：

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sudo apt-get upgrade

image-20240112120301027

5. 从仓库中下载其它软件

直接使用命令sudo apt-get install xxx就可以安装对应的xxx软件，

如下所示：

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sudo apt-get install gedit

可能存在的问题：

现在的清华镜像Ubuntu软件仓库，我无法连接，不知道是因为我的ip问题，还是清华镜像仓库暂时不可用的问题。

个人觉得是因为我的ip段被清华的Ubuntu软件仓库拉黑了。。。

连接问题如下：

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2 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease  Cannot initiate the connection to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn:443 (2402:f000:1:400::2). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) Could not connect to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn:443 (101.6.15.130), connection timed out
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/focal-updates/InRelease  Cannot initiate the connection to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn:443 (2402:f000:1:400::2). - connect (101: Network is unreachable)
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/focal-backports/InRelease  Cannot initiate the connection to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn:443 (2402:f000:1:400::2). - connect (101: Network is unreachable)
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

因为使用清华镜像连接有错误，所以我现在使用阿里云镜像了，我也不知道不能使用的原因是什么。